activity 1.9

 Certainly, Mayank! Here's a clear, CBSE Class 10–style explanation of Activity 1.9, formatted for easy presentation in class, notes, or lab manuals. It focuses on the Displacement Reaction between Iron and Copper Sulphate, helping students understand reactivity and observable changes.

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🧪 Activity 1.9 – Displacement Reaction (Iron & Copper Sulphate)

(Class 10 Science – Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations)

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🎯 Objective:

To demonstrate a displacement reaction where iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.

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🧰 Materials Required:

• 3 iron nails

• Sandpaper

• 2 test tubes (A and B)

• Copper sulphate (CuSO₄) solution – 10 mL in each tube

• Thread

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🔬 Procedure:

1. Clean all three iron nails with sandpaper to remove rust or dirt.

2. Label two test tubes as A and B.

3. Pour 10 mL of copper sulphate solution into both test tubes.

4. Tie two iron nails together with a thread and immerse them into test tube B.

5. Leave one iron nail aside for comparison (no reaction).

6. Let the setup sit for 20 minutes undisturbed.

7. After 20 minutes, remove the iron nails from test tube B.

8. Compare:

   • The blue colour of the CuSO₄ solution in test tube A (no reaction) and test tube B (reaction occurred).

   • The appearance of iron nails in test tube B with the untouched nail.

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👁️ Observations:

Test Tube	Observation
A	Blue colour remains unchanged (no reaction, no nail inserted).
B	Blue colour becomes fainter or greenish; iron nails turn brownish-red.
Iron nails	Deposits of reddish-brown copper on nails in test tube B. Nail outside remains grey.

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🧪 Chemical Equation:

$$\text{Fe (s)} + \text{CuSO}_4 (aq) \rightarrow \text{FeSO}_4 (aq) + \text{Cu (s)}$$

• Iron (Fe) displaces copper (Cu) from copper sulphate.

• FeSO₄ = iron sulphate (greenish solution)

• Cu = copper metal (brown coating on nail)

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🧠 Explanation:

• Iron is more reactive than copper (according to the reactivity series).

• Hence, it displaces copper from CuSO₄ solution.

• This reaction is called a displacement reaction.

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🔁 Type of Reaction:

✔ Single Displacement Reaction
✔ Redox Reaction (Fe is oxidized, Cu²⁺ is reduced)

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📚 CBSE Exam Tip:

Q: Why does the iron nail become brownish and the blue colour of copper sulphate fade in Activity 1.9?

✅ Answer:
Iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution because it is more reactive. Copper forms a brown layer on the iron nail, and the blue colour fades as copper sulphate is used up.

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🧠 Extension – Reactivity Series Recap:

Metal	Reactivity
Potassium	Very High
Zinc	Moderate
Iron	Moderate
Copper	Less Reactive
Gold	Very Low

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🎤 Closing Thought for Students:

"In chemistry, the stronger element always takes charge — and this activity shows how iron wins the reactivity race against copper!"

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Would you like a printable lab activity worksheet, a student observation table, or a Google Slides version of this for your digital classroom?