Displacement Reaction 2

 Absolutely, Mayank! Here's a detailed, CBSE Class 10–style explanation of Activity 1.9, focusing on Displacement Reactions using iron nails and copper sulfate solution. This version includes observations, chemical equations, explanations, and exam insights — perfect for student engagement, teaching, or revision.

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🔁 Activity 1.9 – Displacement Reaction Using Iron Nails and Copper Sulphate

(Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations | Class 10 Science)

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🎯 Objective:

To observe a displacement reaction where a more reactive metal (iron) displaces a less reactive metal (copper) from its salt solution.

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🧰 Materials Required:

• 3 clean iron nails

• Copper sulphate solution (CuSO₄) – 10 mL in each test tube

• 2 test tubes labeled A and B

• Thread

• Sandpaper

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🔬 Procedure:

1. Clean the iron nails using sandpaper to remove any rust.

2. Test Tube A: Pour 10 mL of copper sulfate solution but do not place any iron nails in it.

3. Test Tube B: Add 10 mL of CuSO₄ and place two iron nails tied together with a thread into the solution.

4. Leave both test tubes undisturbed for about 20 minutes.

5. After 20 minutes, remove the iron nails from test tube B.

6. Compare:

   • The colour of the copper sulfate solution in test tubes A and B.

   • The appearance of the iron nails in B with the third nail that was kept aside.

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👁️ Observations:

Aspect	Observation
Colour of CuSO₄ in tube A	Remains blue (no reaction)
Colour of CuSO₄ in tube B	Turns light blue or fades
Iron nails in tube B	Become brownish-red (due to copper layer)
Iron nail kept aside	Remains shiny grey

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🧪 Chemical Reaction:

$$\text{Fe (s)} + \text{CuSO}_4 (aq) \rightarrow \text{FeSO}_4 (aq) + \text{Cu (s)}$$

• Iron displaces copper from copper sulfate to form:

  • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO₄) → greenish solution

  • Copper metal (Cu) → deposits on iron nail

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✅ Explanation:

• Iron is more reactive than copper.

• It displaces copper from copper sulfate solution.

• This is a classic example of a displacement reaction.

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🔁 Other Examples of Displacement Reactions:

1. Zinc + Copper Sulphate

   $$\text{Zn} + \text{CuSO}_4 \rightarrow \text{ZnSO}_4 + \text{Cu}$$

2. Lead + Copper Chloride

   $$\text{Pb} + \text{CuCl}_2 \rightarrow \text{PbCl}_2 + \text{Cu}$$

✅ Zinc and lead are more reactive than copper, so they displace copper from its salt solution.

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🧠 CBSE Exam Tip:

Q: Why does the iron nail become brownish and the blue colour of copper sulphate fade?

✅ Answer: Iron is more reactive than copper. It displaces copper from copper sulphate to form iron sulphate. Copper gets deposited on the iron nail, giving it a brownish coating, and the blue colour fades as copper sulphate is used up.

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📘 Summary Table:

Reactant Pair	Type of Reaction	Observation
Fe + CuSO₄	Displacement	Blue fades, iron turns brown (copper forms)
Zn + CuSO₄	Displacement	Colourless ZnSO₄, copper deposits
Pb + CuCl₂	Displacement	Lead chloride forms, copper deposits

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🎤 Final Classroom Line:

“In chemistry, the most reactive metal wins — and in displacement reactions, it kicks the weaker one out of the solution!”

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