electric decomposition

 Here's a clear, CBSE Class 10–style explanation of Activity 1.7 – Electrolysis of Water, including step-by-step observations, chemical reaction, and concepts involved. This format is ideal for class demonstrations, student notes, or digital presentations.

⚡ Activity 1.7 – Electrolysis of Water

(Class 10 Science – Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations)

🎯 Objective:

To decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen gases using electricity.

🧰 Materials Required:

  • Plastic mug (with two holes drilled at the base)

  • Two rubber stoppers

  • Two carbon electrodes (graphite rods)

  • 6-volt battery

  • Connecting wires

  • Dilute sulphuric acid

  • Water

  • Two test tubes (filled with water)

  • Candle (for testing the gases)

🔬 Procedure:

  1. Fit carbon electrodes into the rubber stoppers and place them through the holes at the base of the mug.

  2. Fill the mug with water and add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid to make it a better conductor.

  3. Connect the electrodes to a 6V battery using wires.

  4. Fill two test tubes with water and invert them over the electrodes.

  5. Switch on the current and let the setup sit undisturbed.

  6. Observe the gas bubbles forming at both electrodes.

  7. As bubbles rise, they displace water inside the test tubes.

  8. Once both test tubes have collected gas, remove them carefully.

  9. Test the gases using a burning candle.

👁️ Observations:

  • Bubbles form at both electrodes.

  • Hydrogen gas collects at the cathode (negative electrode).

  • Oxygen gas collects at the anode (positive electrode).

  • The volume of hydrogen gas is double the volume of oxygen.

  • When tested:

    • Hydrogen burns with a pop sound ✅

    • Oxygen rekindles a glowing splint ✅

🧪 Chemical Reaction:

2H2O (l)→Electricity2H2(g)+O2(g)2\text{H}_2\text{O (l)} \xrightarrow{\text{Electricity}} 2\text{H}_2 (g) + \text{O}_2 (g)

📘 Concepts Involved:

Term Explanation
Electrolysis Breaking a compound using electricity
Cathode Negative electrode → collects H₂
Anode Positive electrode → collects O₂
Endothermic Requires energy (electricity)
Gas volume ratio Hydrogen : Oxygen = 2:1

⚠️ Safety Note:

The test for gases should be done under teacher supervision due to fire hazard with hydrogen.

🎤 Closing Line for Students:

“This experiment shows how electricity can split a compound into elements — a real-life example of a decomposition reaction powered by science!”

Would you like a lab worksheet, Google Slides demo, or student quiz based on this activity?

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