oxidation reduction

 Certainly, Mayank. Here's a clear, CBSE Class 10 Science–oriented explanation of Oxidation and Reduction Reactions, designed for student clarity, concept-building, and exam readiness.

🔥 Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

(Class 10 Science – Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations)

📘 Definition of Oxidation:

Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which a substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen.

🔬 Examples of Oxidation:

  1. Magnesium burning in air:

2Mg+O2→2MgO2\text{Mg} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{MgO}

(Magnesium gains oxygen → oxidation)

  1. Carbon burning to form carbon dioxide:

C+O2→CO2\text{C} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2

  1. Removal of hydrogen:

H2S+Cl2→2HCl+S\text{H}_2\text{S} + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{HCl} + \text{S}

(Hydrogen is removed from H₂S → oxidation)

📘 Definition of Reduction:

Reduction is a chemical reaction in which a substance loses oxygen or gains hydrogen.

🔬 Examples of Reduction:

  1. Copper oxide reacting with hydrogen:

CuO+H2→Cu+H2O\text{CuO} + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cu} + \text{H}_2\text{O}

(Copper oxide loses oxygen → reduction)

  1. Gain of hydrogen:

Cl2+H2→2HCl\text{Cl}_2 + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{HCl}

(Chlorine gains hydrogen → reduction)

🔄 Redox Reactions:

A reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously is called a Redox Reaction.

✅ Oxidation = Gain of oxygen / Loss of hydrogen
✅ Reduction = Loss of oxygen / Gain of hydrogen

🧪 Example of Redox Reaction (from NCERT):

CuO+H2→Cu+H2O\text{CuO} + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cu} + \text{H}_2\text{O}
Substance Change Process
CuO Loses oxygen Reduction
H₂ Gains oxygen Oxidation

✅ This is a Redox Reaction.

🧠 CBSE Exam Tip:

Q: Define oxidation and reduction with one example each.
✅ Answer:

  • Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.
    Example: C+O2→CO2\text{C} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2

  • Reduction is the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen.
    Example: CuO+H2→Cu+H2O\text{CuO} + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{Cu} + \text{H}_2\text{O}

🔍 Applications in Daily Life:

  • Rusting of iron is an oxidation process.

  • Antioxidants in food prevent oxidation and spoilage.

  • Extraction of metals from ores involves reduction.

✅ Conclusion:

  • Oxidation and reduction are fundamental chemical changes.

  • Redox reactions are common in biology, industry, and daily life.

  • Understanding them is key to grasping chemical changes in materials.

Let me know if you’d like a worksheet, visual mind map, or a Redox reaction quiz for your students!

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