thermal decomposition 4

 Sure, Mayank! Here's a CBSE Class 10–aligned explanation of Thermal Decomposition, made simple and effective for teaching, student notes, or classroom revision.

🔥 Thermal Decomposition Reaction

(From Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations – Class 10 Science)

🎯 Definition:

A thermal decomposition reaction is a type of decomposition reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances when heat is supplied.

✅ It is always an endothermic reaction, because it absorbs heat energy.

📘 General Equation Format:

AB→HeatA+BAB \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} A + B

🧪 Examples of Thermal Decomposition Reactions

✅ 1. Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate

CaCO3(s)→HeatCaO(s)+CO2(g)\text{CaCO}_3 (s) \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} \text{CaO} (s) + \text{CO}_2 (g)

  • CaCO₃ → Limestone

  • CaO → Quick lime

  • Used in cement industry

✅ 2. Decomposition of Lead Nitrate

(Activity 1.6 – Class 10 NCERT)

2Pb(NO3)2(s)→Heat2PbO(s)+4NO2(g)+O2(g)2\text{Pb(NO}_3)_2 (s) \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} 2\text{PbO} (s) + 4\text{NO}_2 (g) + \text{O}_2 (g)

  • Observed as brown fumes (NO₂)

  • Common school lab demo

✅ 3. Decomposition of Ferrous Sulphate

(Activity 1.5 – Class 10 NCERT)

2FeSO4(s)→HeatFe2O3(s)+SO2(g)+SO3(g)2\text{FeSO}_4 (s) \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} \text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 (s) + \text{SO}_2 (g) + \text{SO}_3 (g)

  • Green crystals turn brown, releasing a pungent gas

📌 Key Features of Thermal Decomposition:

Feature Details
Requires 🔥 Heat
Type of reaction 🔄 Decomposition
Energy type ❄️ Endothermic (absorbs heat)
Observations Colour change, gas release, residue formation

🧠 Why It’s Important (Real-Life Uses):

  • Limestone to quick lime in cement and construction

  • Used in metallurgy for ore processing

  • Basis of many laboratory experiments

📘 CBSE Exam Tip:

Q: What is thermal decomposition? Give one example.
✅ Answer:

Thermal decomposition is the breakdown of a compound by heat.
Example:

CaCO3→HeatCaO+CO2\text{CaCO}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} \text{CaO} + \text{CO}_2

🎤 Final Thought for Class:

“Heat is not just for cooking — in chemistry, it’s a powerful tool to break down compounds into their simplest forms!”

Would you like a flowchart, practice worksheet, or a video link for visualising thermal decomposition in class?

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